Musculoskeletal Pain Conditions We Treat
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Knee Pain / Osteoarthritis
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Shoulder Pain (Frozen Shoulder / Rotator Cuff Injury)
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Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)
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Myofascial Pain Syndrome
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Rheumatologic Pain (Arthritis-Related)
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Neck and Upper-Back Strain
Knee Pain / Osteoarthritis
Overview
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a degenerative joint disease that causes cartilage wear, joint inflammation, and stiffness. It is one of the most common causes of disability in older adults but increasingly affects younger individuals due to injury or lifestyle factors.
Symptoms
- Knee pain during walking, climbing, or prolonged standing
- Morning stiffness or pain after inactivity
- Swelling or creaking sensation
- Limited range of motion
- Instability or locking of the knee
Diagnosis
- Physical examination and gait assessment
- X-rays to evaluate joint-space narrowing and bone changes
- MRI for cartilage and ligament assessment
- Pain and function scoring (VAS, WOMAC)
Treatment
- Medications: Anti-inflammatory agents, analgesics, and cartilage-support supplements.
- Interventional Procedures: Intra-articular steroid or hyaluronic acid injections, and radiofrequency ablation of genicular nerves for chronic cases.
- Physiotherapy: Quadriceps strengthening, weight management, and posture retraining.
- Lifestyle Measures: Use of supportive footwear, avoidance of high-impact activities, and low-impact exercises like swimming or cycling.
- Surgical Referral: Considered in end-stage OA unresponsive to conservative therapy.
Shoulder Pain (Frozen Shoulder / Rotator Cuff Injury)
Overview
Shoulder pain may result from inflammation of the joint capsule (frozen shoulder) or tears in the rotator cuff tendons. It can limit arm movement and affect sleep and daily activities. Prompt treatment restores motion and prevents long-term stiffness.
Symptoms
- Shoulder stiffness and pain, especially at night
- Difficulty raising the arm or reaching behind the back
- Dull ache or sharp pain with movement
- Weakness or clicking in the joint
Diagnosis
- Clinical examination and movement testing
- Ultrasound or MRI for soft-tissue injury detection
- Diagnostic shoulder joint injection to confirm source
Treatment
- Medical: Analgesics, anti-inflammatory medication, and muscle relaxants.
- Interventional: Ultrasound-guided hydrodilatation or corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and stiffness.
- Physiotherapy: Gradual stretching, mobilisation, and strengthening.
- Lifestyle: Ergonomic adjustments and posture correction to prevent recurrence.
Tennis Elbow (Lateral Epicondylitis)
Overview
Tennis elbow is an overuse injury where tendons on the outer elbow become inflamed due to repetitive wrist and arm motions. It causes pain during gripping, lifting, or twisting movements. Early intervention prevents chronic tendon degeneration.
Symptoms
- Pain and tenderness over the outer elbow
- Weak grip strength
- Pain radiating down the forearm
- Difficulty lifting or twisting objects
Diagnosis
- Clinical assessment with resistance tests
- Ultrasound or MRI to detect tendon inflammation or small tears
- Diagnostic local anaesthetic injection
Treatment
- Medications: NSAIDs and muscle relaxants for pain relief.
- Interventions: Ultrasound-guided PRP or corticosteroid injections; tennis-elbow strap for activity support.
- Physiotherapy: Stretching, eccentric strengthening, and ergonomic training.
- Regenerative Options: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy to promote tendon healing.
4. Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Overview
Myofascial pain syndrome involves chronic pain caused by trigger points—tight knots within muscles that irritate surrounding tissues. It can follow poor posture, repetitive strain, or stress and is a frequent cause of tension-related discomfort.
Symptoms
- Localised muscle pain or tightness
- Tender knots or trigger points
- Pain radiating to nearby areas
- Muscle stiffness and limited movement
- Sleep disturbances and fatigue
Diagnosis
- Physical examination to locate trigger points
- Pressure and palpation testing
- Ultrasound for muscle-thickness evaluation
- Differential diagnosis to rule out fibromyalgia or arthritis
Treatment
- Medications: Muscle relaxants, pain modulators, and anti-inflammatories.
- Interventions: Trigger-point injections or dry needling for immediate relief.
- Physiotherapy: Stretching, massage, and posture correction.
- Lifestyle & Stress Management: Relaxation, ergonomics, and yoga for muscle balance.
Rheumatologic Pain (Arthritis-Related)
Overview
Rheumatologic pain arises from autoimmune or inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. Early treatment prevents deformity and disability.
Symptoms
- Joint swelling, warmth, and morning stiffness
- Fatigue and low-grade fever
- Symmetrical pain (in multiple joints)
- Restricted range of motion
Diagnosis
- Clinical examination of affected joints
- Blood tests (ESR, CRP, Rheumatoid Factor, ANA)
- X-rays or ultrasound for joint inflammation
- Evaluation by a rheumatologist when needed
Treatment
- Medical Therapy: Disease-modifying agents (DMARDs) and biologics under specialist supervision.
- Pain Management: Analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and local injections.
- Physiotherapy: Gentle exercises to maintain flexibility.
- Lifestyle Adjustments: Weight control, balanced nutrition, and adequate rest.
Neck and Upper-Back Strain
Overview
Neck and upper-back strain is commonly caused by poor posture, prolonged screen time, or sudden jerks. Muscle tension and joint stiffness can lead to pain that radiates to the shoulders or arms.
Symptoms
- Dull ache or stiffness in the neck and shoulders
- Pain radiating to arms or upper back
- Headaches or dizziness due to neck tension
- Restricted range of motion
Diagnosis
- Physical examination of posture and muscle tenderness
- Imaging (X-ray or MRI) to exclude disc or joint issues
- Diagnostic trigger-point injections
Treatment
- Medical: Anti-inflammatory medications and muscle relaxants.
- Physiotherapy: Postural correction, stretching, and strengthening.
- Interventional: Cervical facet or trigger-point injections for chronic cases.
- Ergonomic Education: Workstation and lifestyle adjustments.
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FAQs
Can joint pain be treated without surgery?
Yes. Most musculoskeletal conditions respond well to non-surgical treatments like physiotherapy, regenerative injections (PRP), and targeted nerve blocks.
Is physiotherapy necessary along with medication?
Absolutely. Physiotherapy strengthens muscles, corrects posture, and prevents recurrence — making it essential for long-term pain relief.
How long does a joint injection take to work?
Most patients experience relief within 24–72 hours. Full benefits are usually felt within 1–2 weeks.