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Gastrointestinal Conditions We Treat

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Overview

Peptic ulcer disease involves the formation of ulcers  in the lining of the stomach or upper small intestine. It is commonly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection or long-term use of NSAIDs. If untreated, peptic ulcers can lead to complications such as bleeding, perforation, or obstruction.

Symptoms

Pain in the abdomen 
Typically occurs between meals or at night when the stomach is empty. Pain may be dull, gnawing, or improve temporarily after eating or taking antacids.

Bloating & Nausea 
Interference with normal digestion can cause fullness, discomfort, or nausea.

Vomiting Blood 
Severe ulcers may bleed, causing vomit to appear reddish or dark brown (like coffee grounds). Immediate medical attention is required.

Black or Tarry Stools 
Digestive bleeding may result in dark, sticky stools, signaling internal bleeding

Heartburn
 A burning sensation rising from the stomach into the chest or throat, often after eating and is caused by stomach acid flowing back into the esophagus.

Diagnosis

Upper GI Endoscopy
Minimally invasive procedure using a thin, flexible tube with a camera to examine the oesophagus, stomach, and small intestine. Allows direct visualisation and tissue sampling.

H. pylori Tests
Urea breath test, stool antigen test, or biopsy during endoscopy to detect infection and guide antibiotic therapy.

24-Hour pH Monitoring
Measures acid levels in the oesophagus to assess reflux contributions.

Upper GI Manometry
A test that measures the strength and coordination of the muscles in the oesophagus.

Food Tolerance Panel
A blood test that evaluates immune responses to various foods by detecting specific antibodies.

Treatment 

Antibiotics for H. pylori
Targeted therapy eliminates infection and reduces recurrence risk.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)
Reduce stomach acid to allow healing of the ulcer and relieve pain.

Antacids & Protective Medications
Neutralize excess acid and protect the stomach lining.

Diet & Lifestyle Changes
Following an individual diet plan, eating smaller meals, avoiding trigger foods and managing stress can all help prevent recurrence.

Haemarrhoids

Overview

Haemarrhoids, commonly known as piles, are swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus. They can develop internally (inside the rectum) or externally (under the skin around the anus). Haemorrhoids are often caused by increased pressure due to chronic constipation, straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, obesity, or prolonged sitting. If untreated, they may lead to bleeding, pain, and discomfort that affects daily life.

Symptoms

Recognising haemarrhoids early can prevent complications. Symptoms vary depending on the type and severity:

  • Pain or discomfort – External haemarrhoids may cause sharp pain or a constant ache around the anal area. Pain can intensify during bowel movements or prolonged sitting.
  • Bleeding – Bright red blood on toilet paper, in stools, or in the toilet bowl is a common sign of internal haemarrhoids.
  • Itching & Irritation – Swelling and inflammation can cause itching or discomfort around the anus.
  • Lumps or swelling – External haemarrhoids may present as small, tender lumps near the anus. Thrombosed haemarrhoids (blood clots) can appear as firm, painful bumps.
  • Mucus discharge – Internal haemarrhoids may produce mucus, causing irritation and staining of underwear.

Diagnosis

Accurate diagnosis ensures effective treatment and rules out other conditions such as anal fissures, polyps, or colorectal cancer.

  • Physical Examination – A visual inspection of the anal area helps identify external haemarrhoids or swollen lumps.
  • Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) – A gloved finger is inserted into the rectum to check for internal haemarrhoids, tenderness, or abnormalities.
  • Anoscopy – A small tube with a light (anoscope) allows direct visualisation of internal haemarrhoids.
  • Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy – For persistent bleeding or suspicion of other conditions, these procedures examine the rectum and lower colon in detail.

Treatment 

Our approach combines medical management, minimally invasive procedures, and lifestyle changes to relieve symptoms and prevent recurrence:

  • Diet & Lifestyle Adjustments – Increasing fibre intake, staying hydrated, and avoiding straining during bowel movements can significantly reduce haemarrhoid flare-ups.
  • Medications – Topical creams, ointments, and suppositories may relieve pain, itching, and inflammation. Oral pain relievers can help with discomfort.
  • Minimally Invasive Procedures – Laser procedures may be recommended for persistent internal haemarrhoids.
  • Surgical Haemarrhoidectomy – In severe or thrombosed cases, surgical removal may be necessary for lasting relief.
  • Post-Treatment Care – Warm sitz baths, regular physical activity, and ongoing dietary guidance help prevent recurrence.

Ulcerative Colitis

Overview

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes long-lasting inflammation and sores (ulcers) in the lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. The exact cause is unknown, but it involves an abnormal immune response that attacks the digestive tract. UC can range from mild to severe and, if untreated, may lead to complications like severe bleeding, perforation, or increased risk of colorectal cancer.

Symptoms

Recognising UC early is crucial for management and improving the quality of life:

  • Persistent diarrhoea – Often with blood or mucus, sometimes occurring several times a day.
  • Abdominal Pain & Cramping – Typically in the lower abdomen, often associated with bowel movements.
  • Rectal Bleeding – Bright red blood during bowel movements is a hallmark symptom.
  • Urgency & Incomplete Evacuation – Feeling the need to defecate frequently but passing little stool.
  • Fatigue & Weight Loss – Chronic inflammation can reduce appetite and energy, causing unintended weight loss.
  • Fever & General Malaise – In more severe flares, systemic symptoms may occur.

Diagnosis

Early and accurate diagnosis helps prevent complications and guides treatment decisions:

  • Colonoscopy – A thin, flexible tube with a camera examines the entire colon, allowing direct visualisation of inflammation and ulcers. Biopsies can rule out infection or cancer.
  • Flexible Sigmoidoscopy – For milder cases, only the rectum and lower colon are examined.
  • Stool Tests – Detect inflammation markers or rule out infections.
  • Blood Tests – Check for anemia, inflammation, or signs of infection.
  • Imaging Studies – CT or MRI scans may be used to evaluate complications or monitor disease progression.

Treatment 

Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, manage symptoms, and maintain remission:

  • Anti-Inflammatory Medications – Aminosalicylates (e.g., mesalamine) or corticosteroids reduce inflammation in the colon.
  • Immune System Suppressors – Drugs such as azathioprine or biologics (e.g., infliximab) control abnormal immune responses.
  • Antibiotics – Sometimes used if infections or complications like abscesses occur.
  • Diet & Lifestyle Modifications – A balanced diet, avoiding trigger foods, stress management, and proper hydration can help manage flare-ups.
  • Surgery – In severe or refractory cases, removal of the colon (colectomy) may be necessary, sometimes with the creation of an ileostomy or internal pouch.

Fecal Incontinence

Overview

Fecal incontinence is the inability to control bowel movements, leading to accidental leakage of stool. It can range from occasional minor leaks to complete loss of bowel control. Causes include weakened anal sphincter muscles, nerve damage, chronic constipation,diarrhoea, or conditions such as childbirth trauma, aging, or neurological disorders. Early evaluation is important to prevent embarrassment, social disruption, and skin complications.

Symptoms

Recognising fecal incontinence early helps in effective management:

  • Accidental Leakage – Uncontrolled passage of stool, ranging from small dribbles to complete bowel movements.
  • Urgency – Sudden, strong urge to pass stool with little warning.
  • Constipation or diarrhoea – Chronic constipation can worsen incontinence, while diarrhoea can make control more difficult.
  • Soiling of Underwear – Staining or odor can occur, especially in severe cases.
  • Skin Irritation – Frequent leakage can cause rashes or infections around the anal area.

Diagnosis

Accurate diagnosis helps identify underlying causes and guides treatment:

  • Physical Examination – Inspection of the anal area for muscle tone, skin irritation, or anatomical issues.
  • Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) – Assesses anal sphincter strength and nerve function.
  • Anorectal Manometry – Measures pressure and function of anal muscles and rectum.
  • Endoanal Ultrasound – Provides imaging of the anal sphincter to detect damage or structural problems.
  • Colonoscopy or Sigmoidoscopy – May be performed to rule out inflammatory bowel disease, tumors, or other causes.

Treatment 

Management focuses on strengthening control, treating underlying causes, and improving quality of life:

  • Diet & Lifestyle Adjustments – High-fibre diet, hydration, and regular bowel habits can reduce symptoms. Avoiding irritants like caffeine or spicy foods may help.
  • Medications – Anti-diarrhoeal drugs, stool softeners, or bulking agents depending on the type of incontinence.
  • Pelvic Floor Therapy – Targeted exercises (Kegel exercises) and biofeedback help strengthen anal sphincter muscles.
  • Minimally Invasive Procedures – Injectable bulking agents may improve sphincter function in selected cases.
  • Surgery – In severe cases, surgical repair of sphincter muscles or creation of a colostomy may be necessary.
  • Support & Counselling – Education on hygiene, skin care, and coping strategies is essential for patient confidence and daily life.

Gallstones

Overview

Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid (bile) that form in the gallbladder, a small organ beneath the liver. They can vary in size and may be singular or multiple. Gallstones develop when bile contains too much cholesterol, bilirubin, or when the gallbladder does not empty properly. Many people have gallstones without symptoms, but untreated stones can lead to complications like inflammation (cholecystitis), infection, or blockage of bile ducts.

Symptoms

Symptoms can range from mild to severe and may appear suddenly:

  • Abdominal Pain – Often in the upper right or middle abdomen, typically after fatty meals. Pain can be intense and may radiate to the back or right shoulder.
  • Nausea & Vomiting – Discomfort from gallstones can trigger frequent nausea or vomiting.
  • Bloating & Indigestion – Feeling full, bloated, or gassy, particularly after meals.
  • Jaundice – Yellowing of the skin or eyes may occur if a gallstone blocks the bile duct.
  • Dark Urine & Pale Stools – Result from impaired bile flow caused by obstruction.

Diagnosis

Accurate diagnosis ensures timely treatment and prevents complications:

  • Ultrasound – The most common and non-invasive test to detect gallstones and assess gallbladder health.
  • MRCP – A non-invasive MRI scan that visualises the biliary and pancreatic ducts to detect stones, strictures or obstruction
  • HIDA Scan – Evaluates gallbladder function and detects bile flow obstruction.
  • Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) – A specialized procedure to identify stones in the bile ducts and allow removal if necessary.
  • Blood Tests – Check for infection, inflammation, or liver function abnormalities.

Treatment 

Treatment depends on the size, symptoms, and complications of gallstones:

  • Watchful Waiting – Asymptomatic gallstones may not require immediate treatment but need regular monitoring.
  • Medications – Oral bile acid pills may dissolve small cholesterol stones over time (used selectively).
  • Surgical Removal (Cholecystectomy) – Laparoscopic gallbladder removal is the most common and effective treatment for symptomatic gallstones. Minimally invasive surgery reduces recovery time.
  • Endoscopic Stone Removal – ERCP can remove stones from bile ducts without removing the gallbladder, in certain cases.
  • Diet & Lifestyle Changes – Low-fat diet, maintaining healthy weight, and regular exercise can reduce recurrence risk.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Overview

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that affects the large intestine, causing a combination of abdominal discomfort and altered bowel habits. Unlike inflammatory bowel diseases, IBS does not cause permanent damage to the intestines. The exact cause is unknown, but triggers may include stress, food sensitivities, gut-brain interaction issues, and abnormal intestinal contractions.

Symptoms

IBS symptoms vary in intensity and frequency:

  • Abdominal Pain & Cramping – Pain is often relieved by bowel movements and may be accompanied by bloating or gas.
  • Diarrhoea (IBS-D) – Frequent loose or watery stools.
  • Constipation (IBS-C) – Difficulty passing stools or infrequent bowel movements.
  • Mixed Pattern (IBS-M) – Alternating constipation and diarrhoea,
  • Bloating & Gas – Feeling full, gassy, or distended in the abdomen.
  • Urgency or Incomplete Evacuation – Feeling the need to go urgently or feeling the bowel isn’t fully emptied.

Diagnosis

IBS is primarily diagnosed through symptom evaluation and exclusion of other conditions:

  • Medical History & Symptom Assessment – Review of symptoms, bowel patterns, triggers, and family history.
  • Physical Examination – Checks for tenderness, bloating, or other abdominal abnormalities.
  • Stool Tests – Rule out infections, inflammation, or parasites.
  • Blood Tests – Check for anemia, inflammation, or thyroid issues.
  • Colonoscopy or Imaging – Used when red-flag symptoms appear (e.g., blood in stools, weight loss) to exclude other gastrointestinal diseases.

Treatment 

IBS management focuses on symptom relief and improving quality of life:

  • Dietary Modifications – High-fibre diet, low FODMAP foods, and avoidance of triggers like caffeine, alcohol, or fatty foods.
  • Medications – Depending on symptoms, options include antispasmodics for cramps, laxatives for constipation, or anti-diarrheal drugs.
  • Probiotics – Help restore healthy gut bacteria and improve digestive function.
  • Stress Management – Techniques such as meditation, yoga, and counselling can reduce symptom severity.
  • Lifestyle Adjustments – Regular exercise, proper hydration, and consistent meal routines support gut health.

Diarrhoea

Overview

Diarrhoea is the frequent passage of loose or watery stools, often accompanied by urgency and abdominal discomfort. It can be acute (short-term) or chronic (lasting several weeks), and may result from infections, food intolerances, medications, digestive disorders, or underlying gastrointestinal conditions like IBS or inflammatory bowel disease. Chronic Diarrhoea requires careful evaluation to prevent dehydration and nutritional deficiencies.

Symptoms

Recognising diarrhoea early helps prevent complications and guides treatment:

  • Frequent Loose Stools – Passing watery or unformed stools more than three times a day.
  • Urgency & Incontinence – Sudden need to pass stools, sometimes without warning.
  • Abdominal Cramps & Bloating – Discomfort caused by increased intestinal activity.
  • Nausea & Vomiting – Often associated with infections or food-related causes.
  • Fever & Fatigue – May indicate infection or inflammatory processes.
  • Dehydration – Signs include dry mouth, excessive thirst, reduced urine output, and dizziness.

Diagnosis

Proper diagnosis ensures effective treatment and identifies underlying causes:

  • Medical History & Physical Examination – Assess stool patterns, dietary habits, travel history, and medications.
  • Stool Tests – Detect infections, parasites, blood, or inflammatory markers.
  • Blood Tests – Evaluate electrolyte imbalances, anemia, or systemic infections.
  • Endoscopy or Colonoscopy – Recommended for chronic diarrhoea or if there is blood in stools, weight loss, or other concerning symptoms.
  • Imaging Studies – CT or MRI may be used in select cases to check for structural abnormalities.

Treatment 

Treatment depends on the cause, severity, and duration of diarrhoea

  • Hydration & Electrolyte Replacement – Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) or IV fluids in severe cases.
  • Dietary Adjustments – Easily digestible foods, avoiding dairy, fatty, or spicy foods, and gradually reintroducing fibre
  • Medications – Anti-diarrhoeal agents (e.g., loperamide) for symptomatic relief, antibiotics for bacterial infections, or specific drugs for chronic conditions.
  • Probiotics – Support gut microbiota balance and improve recovery in some cases.
  • Treating Underlying Conditions – Address infections, IBS, inflammatory bowel disease, or malabsorption disorders as required.

Constipation

Overview

Constipation is a common digestive issue characterized by infrequent, difficult, or painful bowel movements. It can result from a low-fibre diet, inadequate hydration, lack of physical activity, medications, or underlying medical conditions. Chronic constipation, if untreated, can lead to complications such as haemorrhoids, fecal impaction, or anal fissures.

Symptoms

Early recognition helps in effective management and prevents complications:

  • Infrequent Bowel Movements – Typically fewer than three times per week.
  • Hard or Lumpy Stools – Difficulty passing stools due to dryness or hardness.
  • Straining During Bowel Movements – Painful or prolonged effort to pass stool.
  • Abdominal Discomfort or Bloating – Fullness, cramps, or pressure in the lower abdomen.
  • Feeling of Incomplete Evacuation – Sensation that the bowel hasn’t fully emptied.
  • Rectal Pain or Bleeding – Straining can cause haemorrhoids or fissures.

Diagnosis

Proper evaluation identifies underlying causes and guides treatment:

  • Medical History & Physical Examination – Review bowel habits, diet, medications, and any red-flag symptoms.
  • Blood Tests – Assess thyroid function, electrolytes, and metabolic disorders.
  • Stool Tests – Rule out infections or malabsorption issues.
  • Colonoscopy or Sigmoidoscopy – Recommended for chronic constipation, blood in stools, or unexplained weight loss.
  • Imaging Studies – X-rays or CT scans may help evaluate structural problems or obstruction.

Treatment 

Management focuses on relieving symptoms, addressing causes, and preventing recurrence:

  • Dietary Modifications – High-fibre foods, adequate hydration, and small, frequent meals promote regular bowel movements.
  • Lifestyle Adjustments – Regular physical activity and establishing a consistent bathroom routine improve gut motility.
  • Medications – Stool softeners, laxatives, or osmotic agents may be used short-term under medical supervision.
  • Biofeedback Therapy – Helps retrain pelvic floor muscles in cases of outlet obstruction or functional constipation.
  • Treating Underlying Conditions – Address hormonal, neurological, or structural issues contributing to constipation.

Stomach Pain

Overview

Stomach pain, also called abdominal pain, is a common symptom with many possible causes ranging from mild digestive issues to serious medical conditions. Causes can include indigestion, gastritis, ulcers, infections, gallstones, pancreatitis, constipation, or inflammation of internal organs. Persistent or severe stomach pain should be evaluated promptly to rule out serious complications.

Symptoms

Symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause:

  • Sharp or Dull Pain – Pain may be localized or spread across the abdomen. Sharp pain may indicate acute issues, while dull pain is often associated with chronic conditions.
  • Bloating & Fullness – Feeling distended or uncomfortable after meals.
  • Cramping – Often caused by bowel movement, gas, or muscle spasms in the digestive tract.
  • Nausea & Vomiting – May accompany pain due to digestive irritation or infection.
  • Fever or Chills – Can indicate infection or inflammation.
  • Pain with Other Symptoms – Blood in stools, jaundice, or unexplained weight loss may indicate more serious conditions.

Diagnosis

A thorough evaluation ensures proper identification of the cause:

  • Medical History & Physical Examination – Assess pain location, duration, triggers, and associated symptoms.
  • Blood Tests – Detect infection, inflammation, or liver/pancreatic issues.
  • Ultrasound or CT Scan – Imaging to evaluate organs like the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and intestines.
  • Endoscopy – Examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum to detect gastritis, ulcers, or tumors.
  • Stool Tests – Rule out infections, bleeding, or inflammation.

Treatment 

Treatment depends on the underlying cause:

  • Medications – Antacids, proton pump inhibitors, antibiotics (for infections), or anti-inflammatory drugs for specific conditions.
  • Diet & Lifestyle Adjustments – Avoiding trigger foods, eating smaller meals, staying hydrated, and reducing stress.
  • Procedures – Endoscopic or surgical intervention may be required for ulcers, gallstones, or other structural issues.
  • Pain Management – Medications or supportive care to relieve discomfort during treatment.
  • Monitoring & Follow-up – Regular check-ups ensure effective management and prevent complications.

Indigestion (Dyspepsia)

Overview

Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, refers to discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen often related to eating. It can be caused by overeating, spicy or fatty foods, stress, infections, medications, or underlying conditions like GERD, gastritis, or peptic ulcers. While usually mild, persistent indigestion may require medical evaluation to rule out more serious digestive disorders.

Symptoms

Common signs of indigestion include:

  • Upper Abdominal Discomfort – Burning, heaviness, or fullness in the stomach area.
  • Bloating & Gas – Feeling distended or gassy after meals.
  • Nausea & Vomiting – Occasional upset stomach or queasiness.
  • Belching or Heartburn – Acid reflux may accompany indigestion.
  • Early Satiety – Feeling full quickly, even with small meals.
  • Loss of Appetite – Discomfort may reduce desire to eat.

Diagnosis

A thorough evaluation ensures proper identification of the cause:

  • Medical History & Physical Examination – Assess eating habits, lifestyle factors, medications, and symptom patterns.
  • Blood Tests – Check for infections, anemia, or liver/pancreatic issues.
  • Upper GI Endoscopy – Examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum for inflammation, ulcers, or other abnormalities.
  • H. pylori Testing – Detects Helicobacter pylori infection, a common cause of persistent dyspepsia.
  • Imaging Studies – Ultrasound or X-rays may be recommended in certain cases to check for gallstones or other structural issues.

Treatment 

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and symptom severity:

  • Medications – Antacids, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2 blockers, or antibiotics for H. pylori infection.
  • Dietary Adjustments – Smaller, frequent meals, avoiding trigger foods such as spicy, fatty, or acidic items.
  • Lifestyle Modifications – Reducing stress, avoiding smoking and alcohol, and maintaining a healthy weight.
  • Monitoring & Follow-up – Regular check-ups to evaluate treatment effectiveness and prevent recurrence.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

Overview

GERD is a chronic digestive condition where stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. This occurs due to a weakened lower esophageal sphincter (LES) or other factors such as obesity, hiatal hernia, pregnancy, or lifestyle habits. Untreated GERD can lead to complications like esophagitis, ulcers, strictures, or Barrett’s esophagus.

Symptoms

Recognising GERD early is important for effective management:

  • Heartburn – Burning sensation in the chest, often after meals or when lying down.
  • Regurgitation – Sour or bitter-tasting acid coming up into the throat or mouth.
  • Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia) – Feeling food stuck in the throat or chest.
  • Chest Pain – Sometimes mistaken for heart-related issues; usually linked to reflux.
  • Chronic Cough or Hoarseness – Acid irritating the throat or vocal cords.
  • Bloating & Nausea – Feeling full, bloated, or nauseated after meals.

Diagnosis

Proper evaluation ensures accurate diagnosis and prevents complications:

  • Medical History & Symptom Assessment – Review frequency, triggers, and severity of reflux symptoms.
  • Upper GI Endoscopy – Examines the oesophagus and stomach for inflammation, ulcers, or precancerous changes.
  • 24-Hour pH Monitoring – Measures acid exposure in the oesophagus over a full day.
  • Esophageal Manometry – Tests the function of the esophageal muscles and LES.
  • Imaging Studies – X-rays with barium swallow can evaluate anatomical issues like hiatal hernia.

Treatment 

Treatment focuses on symptom relief, healing esophageal irritation, and preventing complications:

  • Medications – Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2 blockers, or antacids to reduce acid production and relieve symptoms.
  • Lifestyle & Dietary Changes – Avoiding trigger foods (spicy, fatty, acidic), eating smaller meals, not lying down after eating, weight management, and quitting smoking.
  • Surgical Procedures – Fundoplication or other minimally invasive surgeries may be recommended in severe or refractory cases.
  • Monitoring & Follow-up – Regular evaluation for patients with chronic GERD to prevent complications.

Nausea and Vomiting

Overview

Nausea and vomiting are sensations of discomfort and the urge to expel stomach contents, often signaling underlying conditions that range from mild digestive disturbances to more serious illnesses. Common triggers include food poisoning, infections, motion sickness, medication side effects, acid reflux, gastritis, gallstones, migraines, and liver disease.

Symptoms

Recognising the signs of nausea and vomiting helps guide appropriate care:

  • Upset Stomach & Queasiness – General discomfort or heaviness in the upper abdomen.
  • Vomiting – May occur with nausea; frequency, appearance, and timing can provide clues to the underlying cause.
  • Loss of Appetite – Feeling too unwell to eat or drink.
  • Sweating & Pallor – Pale skin, cold sweats, or lightheadedness often accompany severe nausea and vomiting.
  • Dizziness or Fatigue – Common when symptoms are prolonged or associated with dehydration.
  • Associated Symptoms – Bloating, heartburn, diarrhoea, or abdominal pain may point to gastrointestinal issues.

Diagnosis

Identifying the cause of nausea and vomiting ensures effective treatment:

  • Medical History & Physical Examination – Review triggers, duration, associated symptoms, medications, and recent travel.
  • Blood Tests – Assess infections, liver function, electrolytes, or metabolic disorders.
  • Imaging Studies – Ultrasound, CT, or MRI may evaluate abdominal organs or rule out obstruction.
  • Endoscopy – Examines the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum for inflammation, ulcers, or reflux.
  • Specialized Tests – Motion sickness testing, vestibular assessments, or neurological evaluations if indicated.

Treatment 

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity:

  • Medications – Anti-nausea drugs (antiemetics), acid-reducing medications, antibiotics (if infection-related), or migraine treatments as appropriate.
  • Diet & Hydration – Small, bland meals, avoiding trigger foods, and maintaining hydration to prevent dehydration.
  • Lifestyle Modifications – Rest, stress management, and motion-sickness precautions.
  • Addressing Underlying Conditions – Treat infections, GERD, gallstones, or other medical causes of nausea and vomiting.
  • Monitoring & Follow-up – Persistent or severe symptoms require ongoing evaluation to prevent complications.

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Gastroenterology FAQs

When should I see a Gastroenterologist?

You should visit a Gastroenterologist if you have persistent digestive issues like heartburn, bloating, constipation, diarrhoea, or unexplained abdominal pain.

Acid reflux is often triggered by spicy foods, caffeine, alcohol, smoking, obesity, and late-night eating. Lifestyle changes and medication can help manage symptoms.

Symptoms include jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes), fatigue, swelling in the legs, dark urine, and persistent nausea. Liver disease can be caused by infections, alcohol, or fatty liver.

A Colonoscopy is a screening test for colon cancer and digestive disorders. It’s recommended if you’re over 45 or experiencing blood in stool, unexplained weight loss, or chronic diarrhea.

Fiber-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and yogurt promote gut health, while processed foods, dairy, and fried foods may worsen digestive issues.

Common symptoms include severe pain after eating fatty foods, nausea, vomiting, and bloating. Gallbladder issues like gallstones may require dietary changes or medical treatment.

A Hernia occurs when an internal part of the body pushes through a weakness in the muscle or surrounding tissue wall.
In many cases, it causes no or very few symptoms, although you may notice a swelling or lump in your tummy (abdomen) or groin.
The lump can often be pushed back in or disappears when you lie down. Coughing or straining may make the lump appear.

Cancer Screening is looking for cancer before a person has any symptoms. This can help find Cancer at an early stage. When abnormal tissue or Cancer is found early, it may be easier to treat. By the time symptoms appear, cancer may have begun to spread.

The following types of tests are used to screen for Colorectal Cancer:

  • Fecal occult blood test
  • Sigmoidoscopy
  • Colonoscopy
  • CT Colonography
  • CEA assay
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